LawBhoomi’s Law of Contracts Notes

The Indian Contract Act, 1872 forms the foundation of commercial and civil obligations in India. It governs how promises made between parties become legally enforceable agreements and defines the rights, duties, and remedies that arise when those agreements are breached. This law establishes the essential principles of offer, acceptance, consideration, free consent, and capacity to contract, ensuring that all valid contracts are formed with fairness and clarity.

These contract law notes provide a structured overview of the major topics under the Act, including agreements, consideration, free consent, performance, discharge, and breach of contract. They also cover special forms of contracts such as indemnity, guarantee, bailment, pledge, and agency,  helping learners understand how contractual relationships operate in both personal and business contexts.

Introduction to the Law of Contracts

Topic	Link To Notes
Law of Contracts: Meaning, Nature and Important Definitions	View Here
Important Definitions under Indian Contract Act 1872	View Here
Types of contracts	View Here

Agreement under Indian Contract Act (Section 2 to 9, Indian Contract Act)

Topic	Link To Notes
Proposal under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Difference Between Offer and Invitation to Offer	View Here
Difference Between Offer and Proposal	View Here
Invitation to Offer	View Here
Agreements under Indian Contract Act, 1872	View Here
Standard form contract	View Here
Acceptance under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Essentials of Valid Acceptance	View Here
Felthouse vs Bindley	View Here
Cross Offer and Counter Offer	View Here
Revocation of an Offer under the Indian Contract Act, 1872	View Here
Agreements under Indian Contract Act, 1872	View Here
Types of Offer	View Here
Differences Between Agreement and Contract	View Here
Consensus Ad Idem	View Here

Capacity to Contract under Indian Contract Act (Sections: 10, 11, 12, 64, 65, 68)

Topic	Link To Notes
Who are Competent to Contract	View Here
Position of a Minor in Contract	View Here
Position of persons of Unsound Mind	View Here
Persons Disqualified by Law	View Here
Rules Regarding Minor’s Agreement	View Here

Free Consent (Sections 13 to 22, Indian Contract Act)

Topic	Link To Notes
Free Consent under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Coercion under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Undue Influence	View Here
Fraud under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Misrepresentation in Contract Law	View Here
Mistake under Indian Contract Act, 1872	View Here
Ignorantia Facti Excusat and Ignorantia Juris Non Excusat	View Here
Difference Between Coercion and Undue Influence	View Here
Differences Between Fraud and Misrepresentation	View Here

Consideration under Indian Contract Act (Sections 23 to 25 Indian Contract Act)

Topic	Link To Notes
Meaning and Nature of Consideration	View Here
Essentials of valid consideration	View Here
Types of Consideration	View Here
Past Consideration	View Here
Exceptions to Consideration under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Privity of Contract under Contract Law	View Here
ex nudo pacto non oritur actio	View Here
Adequacy of Consideration	View Here
Difference Between Condition Precedent and Condition Subsequent Clauses	View Here
Voidable Contracts: All You Need to Know	View Here
Contracts are Not Specifically Enforceable	View Here

Lawful Object in Contracts

Topic	Link To Notes
Legality of Object in Contracts	View Here
Lawful Consideration and Lawful Object	View Here

Void Agreements: Limitations on Freedom of Contract (S. 24 – 30, Indian Contract Act)

Topic	Link to Notes
Void Agreements in Contract Law	View Here
Difference Between Void and Voidable Agreements	View Here
Agreements with Unlawful Object	View Here
Agreements without Consideration	View Here
Agreements in Restraint of Marriage	View Here
Agreements in Restraint of Trade	View Here
Agreements in Restraint of Legal Proceedings	View Here
Ambiguous and Uncertain Agreements	View Here
Agreements Opposed to Public Policy	View Here
Wagering Agreements	View Here

Contingent Contracts

Topic	Link to Notes
Contingent Contracts	View Here
Difference between Contingent Contracts and Wagering Agreements	View Here

Quasi – Contracts and Unjust Enrichment (Section 68 to 72, Indian Contract Act)

Topic	Link To Notes
Quasi Contracts	View Here
Doctrine of Unjust Enrichment	View Here
Concept and Classification of Quasi Contracts	View Here
Nemo Debet Locupletari Ex Aliena Jactura	View Here
Section 69 of Indian Contract Act	View Here
Section 70 of Indian Contract Act	View Here
Doctrine of Restitution	View Here
Doctrine of Frustration	View Here
Limitation for Specific Performance of Contract	View Here

Discharge of a Contract (Section 37 to 67, Indian Contract Act)

Topic	Link To Notes
Discharge of a Contract under Indian Contract Act – By Performance– Performance by Joint Promisors– Discharge by Novation – Remission– Accord and Satisfaction– Discharge by Impossibility of Performance – Doctrine of Frustration– Discharge by Breach – Anticipatory Breach – Actual breach	View Here
Clayton’s Rule of Appropriation of Payments under Contract Act	View Here
Performance of Contract and Section 37 of Indian Contract Act	View Here
Discharge of Contract by Agreement	View Here
Discharge of a Contract by Operation of Law	View Here
Doctrine of Supervening Impossibility	View Here
Lex Non Cogit Ad Impossibilia: The Law Does Not Compel the Impossible	View Here
Time Is the Essence of a Contract	View Here
Difference Between Novation and Alteration	View Here
Anticipatory Breach of Contract	View Here
Alteration of Contract	View Here
Remission of a Contract	View Here

Breach of Contract (Ss. 73, 74 & 75)

Topic	Link To Notes
Remedies for Breach of a Contract – Damages,– Types of Damages,– Remoteness of damages,– Ascertainment of Damages– Doctrine of Quantum Merit	View Here
Remoteness of Damage in Contract	View Here
Doctrine of Blue Pencil	View Here
Quantum Meruit	View Here
Difference Between Breach of Contract and Breach of Trust	View Here
Overview of Consequential (Special) Damages	View Here
Consequences of Breach of Contract	View Here
Damages under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Types of Damages under Section 73	View Here

Contract of Indemnity

Topic	Link To Notes
Meaning of Contract of Indemnity	View Here
Contract of Indemnity	View Here
Indemnity Clause in Contract	View Here
Rights of Indemnifier in India	View Here
Rights of Indemnity Holder	View Here
Difference Between Contract of Indemnity and Guarantee	View Here

Contract of Guarantee under Indian Contract Act

Topic	Link To Notes
Concept of Contract of Guarantee	View Here
Continuing Guarantee	View Here
Difference Between Contract of Indemnity and Guarantee	View Here
Who is a Surety in a Contract?	View Here
Right of Surety Against Creditor under the Indian Contract Act, 1872	View Here
Rights of Surety in a Contract of Guarantee	View Here
Discharge of Surety from Liability	View Here

Bailment under Indian Contract Act

Topic	Link To Notes
Concept of Bailment	View Here
Types of Bailment	View Here
Gratuitous and Non-Gratuitous Bailment	View Here
Essential Elements of Bailment	View Here
Rights and Duties of Bailor and Bailee	View Here
Difference Between Bailment and Pledge	View Here

Pledge under Indian Contract Act

Topic	Link To Notes
Definition of Pledge under the Indian Contract Act	View Here
Contract of Pledge	View Here
Rights and Duties of Pawnor and Pawnee	View Here
Rights of Pawnee	View Here
Difference Between Bailment and Pledge	View Here

Agency under Indian Contract Act

Topic	Link To Notes
Contract of Agency under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Relationship Between Principal and Agent	View Here
Rights and Duties in an Agency under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Termination of Agency under Indian Contract Act, 1872	View Here
Agency by Ratification	View Here
Agency by Estoppel	View Here
Difference Between Sub Agent and Substituted Agent	View Here
Difference Between Agent and Servant	View Here

Other Concepts

Topic	Link To Notes
How To Cancel a Power of Attorney In India?	View Here
Rights of Finder of Goods Under Indian Contract Act	View Here
Bailor and Bailee Relationship in Banking	View Here
What is Contract Costing?	View Here
Accord and Satisfaction	View Here
Rescission of Contract under the Specific Relief Act	View Here
Forbearance to Sue: What’s the Meaning?	View Here
Principle of Uberrima Fides: A Legal Doctrine of Utmost Good Faith in Insurance Contracts	View Here
What is Draft Agreement? A Comprehensive Guide	View Here
Concession Agreement: All You Need to Know	View Here
Differences Between General Lien and Particular Lien	View Here
Force Majeure Clauses in Contracts	View Here
Is Employment Bond Legal in India?	View Here
Special Contracts	View Here
Tacit Contracts	View Here
Bilateral Agreement	View Here
Boilerplate Clause in a Contract	View Here
Commercial Agreements	View Here